Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Human Resource Management - Essay Example So as to hold a receptive outlook to the circumstance of both the representatives who are requesting lighter outstanding task at hand it is a smart thought to begin will taking a gander at the customer portfolios that every one of the workers are at present holding. The individuals who have a harder customer posting should subsequently be taken into account first as they are overseeing more than others. David has an additionally requesting customer and as he has carried out his responsibility in a productive way he ought to be considered above Jane for the downtime. This, yet David has given his thoughts on how he will make up his downtime by working the additional hours which are positively an or more for him. Notwithstanding, even David has surrendered that there might be some impact of his lighter remaining burden on his customers who are the fundamental need thus it at that point gets hard to allow his to off. In choosing the time that the workers have spent in the organization a nd their reputation there is additionally critical. At long last idea there will be an impact on either gatherings and there likely could be believing that will be set up in the organization that the individuals who have children have a simpler activity getting a lighter remaining burden when contrasted with the individuals who need it for other individual reasons. Electronic worker checking has taken off since the mechanical age has made it simpler to do as such. In specific cases there has been a ton of shout over the possibility of representatives being checked constantly in the work environments. It, be that as it may, bodes well now and again to have the option to follow the utilization of office time and assets. Businesses ought to have the option to check the amount of the time representatives spend accomplishing work and what amount is being spent in any case as this can decide how representatives are advanced and given different advantages. It is likewise important for organizations to evade secret activities from within even and checking assists with doing this. To keep away from these dangers call checking is maybe inside certain reasonable cutoff points. There is a drawback, as such practices disintegrate the protection of the representatives and certain moral

Challenges in classifying normal and abnormal behavior

Difficulties in characterizing ordinary and unusual conduct When characterizing and grouping ordinary and unusual conduct in brain science, culture is one of the difficulties that a specialist faces while evaluating a customer (Nairne, 2008). This is on the grounds that a specific issue is ordered contrastingly by individuals from various societies. There are societies that permit a wide assorted variety of practices than others and a few practices. What's more, in such societies a few practices are not delegated strange yet special or simply phenomenal. The nearness of assorted societies with alternate point of view on every day life makes it hard to have fix principles which can be utilized to characterize and order typical and strange practices. Each general public has its social measures that characterize an ordinary and an unusual conduct. In some culture an individual is considered to have a mental issue just when he disregards the social standard of the general public (Haviland, Walrath and Prins, 2007). This makes it hard for certain people to get to consideration from a specialist for instance the individuals who experience the ill effects of nervousness issue that are portrayed by social withdrawal. Such people don't abuse or influence straightforwardly the standards of a general public and in this manner such scatters might be ignored. Social aberrance makes it hard to recognize and group typical and irregular since practices are characterized not on the impacts they have on the individual however on the impact the conduct has in the general public (Haviland, Walrath and Prins, 2007). A conduct that damages the government assistance of the general public is the one viewed as irregular while that which doesn't is ordinary. The greater part of the mental issue influence the individual and not the general public particularly when the confusion is at beginning times. At the point when the turmoil is at its seriousness that is the point at which the individual㠢㠢‚⠬㠢„â ¢s conduct might be re cognizable by the general public. These realities have made it difficult to utilize social aberrance alone to group what is typical or unusual conduct (Nairne, 2008). The Diagnostic and measurable manual of mental issue is a manual with normalized order and meaning of practices. Notwithstanding, culture might be utilized to get to a patient by thinking about how the individual relates with the general public. Some culture angles thought about while evaluating the customer remember association for social work and efficiency. Whenever detailed that there is diminished social communication for a long while, this is an element significant in diagnosing mental disarranges. Are some nervousness issue more hard to treat than others? What are some treatment alternatives? Contingent upon the degree of seriousness, there are nervousness issue that are simpler to treat than others (Evans, 2007). There are those which are drawn closer while at their beginning times and keeping in mind that in g entle express, these are simpler to treat and the strategy for treatment may include utilization of one treatment alternative, for example, unwinding procedure and may take brief timeframe, similar to two months, for the patient o recoup. Those which are dealt with when at extreme state, for example, the summed up uneasiness issue which is a constant tension issue may require utilization of complex treatment strategies and one technique isn't adequate. There require a mix of treatment, drug and integral treatment strategies and the patients take quite a while, similar to years, to recuperate .

The Rainbow Lounge

The Rainbow Lounge Back in the day (TM) when I was a prefrosh participating in the awesomeness that is Campus Preview Weekend, I noticed an event in my 500 page calendar called Rainbow Lounge Open House. I had no idea what that meant. Perhaps you are as sheltered and/or clueless as me, so Ill break it down for you. The rainbow is the symbol of the LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender) Community, so the Rainbow Lounge at MIT is the home to the Institutes various LGBT student groups and support staff. More loftily (and according to the sign outside the door): Through the establishment of the Rainbow Lounge the MIT students, staff, faculty and guests strive to: provide a safe space for the MIT LBGTQ community, including allies achieve a better sense of community with its cross-cultural perspectives educate about gender issues, safe sex, and LBGT-related topics present resources available at MIT and in the surrounding community encourage participation of allies and friends provide a comfortable space for meetings, relaxation, learning and social interaction The MIT Rainbow Lounge exists as a place and a home for all people lgbt, questioning, allies friends to feel comfortable about themselves, while learning and sharing with others. The entrance to the Rainbow Lounge has a big collection of those informative booklets for anyone to take, and posters about various LGBT events that are going on around campus. (By the way, as you can tell from the number in the photo above, the room is in the basement and doesnt have the greatest lighting- so I apologize for the quality of the photos. I did the best I could, but hey, Im not Yan.) The Rainbow Lounge has a whole bunch of resources for students. There are two full-time staff members who are around to talk to students, plan events, and generally hang out. Theres also a reading room with a huge collection of LGBT related books and movies. Any student is welcome to sign up for lending privileges and borrow any of these materials for a few days at a time. Theres even a small kitchen which is useful for things like making PBJ sandwiches during movie nights. The Rainbow Lounge, just like the Center for Health Promotion and Wellness (who are totally cool people, btw), also functions as a resource for safe sex information and materials (like free condoms). The main room is used for club meetings, informal gatherings, movie nights, and occasional special events, like movie screenings, discussions, or last weeks Make Your Own LGBT Valentines. As the name suggests, the room is very colorful. Also, those couches are seriously comfy. One of the most well-known projects to come out of the Rainbow Lounge is the You Are Welcome Here campaign. (Money Man has blogged about this before. The idea behind the campaign is this: any member of the MIT community who would like to participate can get a copy of a small slip of paper, about the size of an index card, to place on their office door. The stack of you are welcome here cards in the Rainbow Lounge. The presence of one of these cards on a door indicates that those behind the door are friendly to and supportive of LGBT people and causes. I see these cards everywhere, so to demonstrate their ubiquity, I took a camera with me on a brief trip around campus and compiled a bunch of photos. This is by no means anything approaching a comprehensive list, but possibly a representative sample? (Does it matter that I was lazy and never made it up a staircase?) So, who are all of these people who went through the trouble to stick one of these cards on their doors? From left to right and top to bottom: the staff at the Career Development Center, Chris Colombo, the Dean for Student Life and Kim Vandiver, the Dean for Undergraduate Research (also the Director of the Edgerton Center and my 2.009 instructor), Professor Gibson (from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, according to the MIT people search), Steven Lerman, the Vice Chancellor and Dean for Graduate Education, the people in room 10-183 (whoever they are, they are apparently LGBT-friendly!), and me (I grabbed a copy for my dorm room door while in the Rainbow Lounge to take photos). And of course I know the [emailprotected] category is.basically empty right now, so if anyone has any questions that might inspire some content for that page, send em this way. EDIT: This blog entry is not about tolerance or intolerance, or justifying or glorifying or encouraging or discouraging anything. Its about providing interested people with factual information about life at MIT. Obviously I have presented the facts with a bit of my own personality interwoven, because this is a blog and not an encyclopedia. However, the fact remains that this is not about whether anything is right or wrong. Some of you started a discussion about LGBT issues in general, and Im ashamed to say that it got quite ugly on both sides. It did not want to have to do this, but I have deleted all of the comments from this discussion, and I will delete and future comments that reopen the argument. Please feel free to continue commenting on the content of the blog entry, asking questions etc, but I will delete any future comments that make judgments or are in any way uncivil. There are plenty of places on the internet where interested parties can have such arguments. This is not o ne of them. Post Tagged #LGBTQ+

When Does Discipline Cross the Line to Child Abuse

When Does Discipline Cross the Line to Child Abuse? In this report, I concentrated my research on the fine line between physical discipline and child abuse, with emphasis on spanking vs. not spanking and its effects on children. Included are research from statistics, opposing views and arguments, advocates’ and Department of Children and Families’ position. The use of corporal punishment, or spanking, as a form of parental discipline is a controversial topic. Adults who remember being spanking by a parent for misbehaving may carry on this behavior as an acceptable form of punishment for their own children. Others believe spanking to be an outdated punishment that is cruel and can cross the line to physical abuse. 2010 NATIONAL ABUSE†¦show more content†¦Opponents of Physical Discipline Opponents of spanking believe the practice indicates a loss of parental control and is never necessary. Some even believe spanking or corporal punishment can lead to an increase in violence and result in child abuse. From this point of view, a child’s self-esteem may suffer owing to the humiliation of the spanking and, in addition to possibly losing respect for a parent who spanks; the child will merely avoid situations or behaviors that result in punishment without grasping the concept of right and wrong. Many family advocacy groups, psychologists, and health professionals that I had researched, consider spanking to be inappropriate and recommend against its use. The following list reinforces the argument against using spanking as a form of punishment. †¢ Hitting children teaches them to hit. Research is available to support a link between corporal punishment in childhood and aggressive behavior in teenage and adult years. (www.naturalchild.org) †¢ This type of punishment distracts the child from learning how to resolve conflict effectively and humanely. In the words of educator John Holt: â€Å"When we make a child afraid, we stop learning dead in its tracks.† ( www.naturalchild.org) †¢ Corporal punishment interferes with the parent-child bond, as it is not human nature to feel loving toward someone who hurts us.( www.cuteparents.net) †¢ Spanking on the buttocks, an erogenous zone in childhood, canShow MoreRelatedPhysical Discipline with Children1100 Words   |  4 PagesSpanking a child is not against the law in most places. However, parents who use it in their homes are being accused of child abuse. The Chicago Tribune published an article that urged readers to report child abuse when they become aware of it. In the article â€Å"Child abuse in plain View† the author describes spanking as a type of abuse that happens behind closed doors (â€Å"Child abuse in plain View†). Like most critics of corporal punishment, the author is trying to link spanking to abuse. The author`sRead MoreChild Abuse And Child Discipline925 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween child abuse and child discipline. Abuse is any action that intentionally harms or injures another person. Discipline is punishment that is intended to correct or train. Some parents do not see the harm in their form of discipline, but others may view it as abuse. It may not be the parent’s intention to harm their child but it is something that occurs. â€Å"In 2012, state agencies found an estimate 686,000 of child maltreatment.† .*(*Kids Count) Every year more than 3 million reports of child abuseRead MoreThe Effects Of Physical Abuse On Children s Lives1580 Words   |  7 Pagestaken to prohibit more disruption in children s lives. Physical abuse can leave numerous of careless scars on the body which can lead to permanent damage. Parenting is everything to the development of a child’s life especially as they grow, learning what they are taught from home, school, and every day surroundings. When it comes to discipline many people are subjective towards where the line is drawn. Discipline easily becomes abuse when it leads to injury or any harm of their life. As children growRead MoreShould We Ban Smack Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesSmacking should be banned to protect children Before I get stated, I’d like to ask you guys for one question: Have you ever got smacked by your parents when you are a little child? If you have, please put your hands up. Alright, it seems everyone has been smacked before, so have I. A black and white picture of a cross father spanking a little boy who is crying on his knees could be described by people as the â€Å"bad old days†. Disciplinary action such as a smack on a child’s bottom is not illegalRead MoreEvaluation of the Statement that Hitting Children is Wrong Essays1479 Words   |  6 Pagesreasonable chastisement. This law permits, the use by parents of reasonable chastisement when disciplining their children. That is, a parent is permitted to hit a child as a way of enforcing discipline providing the physical punishment is within moderate to reasonable limits. There is however evidence which suggests hitting a child is both wrong and ineffective in its aim of teaching a child right from wrong. This evidence will be presented here in an effort to advise yourRead MoreDisciplining Your Child Vs. Child Abuse1875 Words   |  8 Pages Disciplining Your Child vs. Child Abuse (Where the line is drawn) For many years, we as a society have discussed what to do and how to draw the line when it comes to disciplining a child. Many parents have different methods on how to discipline their child. Some parents resort to a physical method of discipline, where other parents may approach their children with a non-contact form of discipline such as verbal reprimand or grounding. We as a society have grown into different times, whereas physicalRead MoreThe Boy Who Was Raised As A Dog1254 Words   |  6 Pagesstrongly affect children. The first story in this book is a very moving one. I thought it interesting and appropriate that that was his first child patient. One of the helpful people in this book that stood out to me was Mama P. Her intuitive knowledge of her babies is amazing. To have the strength and patience to bring in and care for a child like Robert is beautiful. I would love to meet and learn from someone like that. One particular situation that I enjoyed learning about was theRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects1454 Words   |  6 Pagesany act or combination of acts of physical, emotional or sexual violence done intentionally with an end result of injury to another person of an intimate relationship (Kendall 466). When you think of domestic violence, battered women probably comes to mind first but it also covers child abuse, elderly abuse, and the abuse of men. Sociologists have a hard time determining the exact cause of domestic violence but have many theories and perspectives for possible explanations, three of which are: ControlRead MoreEssay on Parenting Styles1718 Words   |  7 Pages Reflection  Paper. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Harsh ­Heart  believe  in  the  importance  of  stern  discipline  and  impose  strict  rules that  they  expect  their  children  to  obey  without  question.  They  penalize  behavior  harshly,  frequently  with spanking.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Easygoing  do  not  use  punishment  to  enforce  their  rules  and  believe  in  natural consequences  teaching  lessons  and  setting  limits  on  behavior.  They  have  regular  family  meetings  with their  children  to  discuss  household  rules  and  their  importance  to  the  family  dynamicsRead MoreThe Children May Suffer: The Negative Impacts of Corporal Punishment 1685 Words   |  7 Pagesurging him forward. He is almost to her side when he sees the shadow of her belt, he slowly backs away, he does not go far, as she quickly grabs him by his shirt. She then start to beat his hands with the belt, and then turns him around and starts spanking him on the behind. Throughout the whole time, the young boy’s eyes reflect fear, pain, and anger. Such corporal punishment is also known as spanking, beating, whipping, hitting, and sometimes even abuse. Although not all parents’ enforce corporal

Want to Know More About Good Essay Argument Topics?

Want to Know More About Good Essay Argument Topics? What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Good Essay Argument Topics Then you may choose which side of the argument you wish to tackle. If you don't narrow your topic down to something concise, you'll not be able manage the term limit and produce a superior argument. In fact, this kind of argument is directed at finding common ground. Put simply, the Rogerian argument examines the idea from various sides and doesn't categorically deny any of them. Top Choices of Good Essay Argument Topics Remember you can make funny argumentative essays if you do a few things. It will be far more enjoyable in case you have some passion for the subject issue. One of the greatest strategies to change anybody's mind is with an emotional investment. When you're picking your topic, bear in mind that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a good deal about it. The Lost Secret of Good Essay Argument Topics When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the most significant matter to do is to select a topic and an argument that you may really get behind. It's not sufficient to settle on a topic which everybody agrees on. A great topic is extremely important for such a paper. Deciding upon an emotional topic is also a superb idea. If you're just on the lookout for interesting medical essay topic ideas, have a look at the list below. If you get to select your own topic, that's wonderful. Quite frequently, the very best topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get ready to research it. You will likely find a different and excellent topic you will love to write about. What Is So Fascinating About Good Essay Argument Topics? Another good idea is to receive some completely free essay examples of different kinds and on various subjects to find a general idea of the way in which a thriving debatable paper looks. The majority of the folks have a tendency to run away from politics and thus the politics essays too, therefore it is quite important to grab the eye of the readers till the conclusion of the essay and that would be much difficult I know. If you need to compose your whole essay in 1 day, do your very best to give yourself breaks so you don't burn out. There are several steps th at you should take as a way to write a superb essay. However soon you're expected to file your college argumentative essay for grading, we'll write the paper for you. English language classes usually need a lot of writing. Various Purposes of Education There are unique purposes for gaining education like education will help to sustain an individual's social and financial life. The intent of assigning an essay to middle school students is to make awareness and permit them to develop writing skills. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. Research the subsequent topics and determine which one could best suit your requirements. For those who have questions or concerns, please feel free to get hold of your Smokin Joes representative. To choose which subject you're likely to discuss, it's essential to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the specific area of study. You don't need to find super technical with legal argumentative essays, but make sure to do your homework on what the recent laws about your preferred topic actually say. Now you have a notion about what a proposal essay is and the way to select the ideal topic to compose your own essay, here are a few examples of proposal essay topics. If you own a list of strong and intriguing topics, you are going to have better probability of writing a compelling essay. In situations when you get to select the topic for an argumentative essay, you need to be wise and locate a title that will intrigue a reader. An argumentative essay is a certain kind of academic writing. All argumentative essays must have a conclusion paragraph. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. Recent argumentative essay topics that are related to society is going to do. The Nuiances of Good Essay Argument Topics You'll wind up lost without having the capability to make an argument and develop it correctly. When you are requested to choose a great topic for your argument, start with something you're acquainted with. At the exact same time, it also ought to be simple to research, that way you'll locate evidence to support claims you make. Does a great lawyer has an effect on the results of a murder trial in the usa.

American and French Revolutions Free Essays

string(37) " his own execution on July 28, 1794\." A watershed event in modern European history, the French Revolution began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790s with the ascent of Napoleon Bonaparte. During this period, French citizens razed and redesigned their country’s political landscape, uprooting centuries-old institutions such as absolute monarchy and the feudal system. Like the American Revolution before it, the French Revolution was influenced by Enlightenment ideals, particularly the concepts of popular sovereignty and inalienable rights. We will write a custom essay sample on American and French Revolutions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although it failed to achieve all of its goals and at times degenerated into a chaotic bloodbath, the movement played a critical role in shaping modern nations by showing the world the power inherent in the will of the people. Prelude to the French Revolution: Monarchy in Crisis As the 18th century drew to a close, France’s costly involvement in the  American Revolution  and extravagant spending by King  Louis XVI  (1754-1793) and his predecessor had left the country on the brink of bankruptcy. Not only were the royal coffers depleted, but two decades of poor cereal harvests, drought, cattle disease and skyrocketing bread prices had kindled unrest among peasants and the urban poor. Many expressed their desperation and resentment toward a regime that imposed heavy taxes yet failed to provide relief by rioting, looting and striking. In the fall of 1786, Louis XVI’s controller general, Charles Alexandre de Calonne (1734-1802), proposed a financial reform package that included a universal land tax from which the privileged classes would no longer be exempt. To garner support for these measures and forestall a growing aristocratic revolt, the king summoned the Estates-General (â€Å"les etats generaux†)–an assembly representing France’s clergy, nobility and middle class–for the first time since 1614. The meeting was scheduled for May 5, 1789; in the meantime, delegates of the three estates from each locality would compile lists of grievances (â€Å"cahiers de doleances†) to present to the king. The French Revolution at Versailles: Rise of the Third Estate France’s population had changed considerably since 1614. The non-aristocratic members of the Third Estate now represented 98 percent of the people but could still be outvoted by the other two bodies. In the lead-up to the May 5 meeting, the Third Estate began to mobilize support for equal representation and the abolishment of the noble veto–in other words, they wanted voting by head and not by status. While all of the orders shared a common desire for fiscal and judicial reform as well as a more representative form of government, the nobles in particular were loath to give up the privileges they enjoyed under the traditional system. By the time the Estates-General convened at Versailles, the highly public debate over its voting process had erupted into hostility between the three orders, eclipsing the original purpose of the meeting and the authority of the man who had convened it. On June 17, with talks over procedure stalled, the Third Estate met alone and formally adopted the title of National Assembly; three days later, they met in a nearby indoor tennis court and took the so-called Tennis Court Oath (â€Å"serment du jeu de paume†), vowing not to disperse until constitutional reform had been achieved. Within a week, most of the clerical deputies and 47 liberal nobles had joined them, and on June 27 Louis XVI grudgingly absorbed all three orders into the new assembly. The French Revolution Hits the Streets: The Bastille and the Great Fear On June 12, as the National Assembly (known as the National Constituent Assembly during its work on a constitution) continued to meet at Versailles, fear and violence consumed the capital. Though enthusiastic about the recent breakdown of royal power, Parisians grew panicked as rumors of an impending military coup began to circulate. A popular insurgency culminated on July 14 when rioters stormed the Bastille fortress in an attempt to secure gunpowder and weapons; many consider this event, now commemorated in France as a national holiday, as the start of the French Revolution. The wave of revolutionary fervor and widespread hysteria quickly swept the countryside. Revolting against years of exploitation, peasants looted and burned the homes of tax collectors, landlords and the seigniorial elite. Known as the Great Fear (â€Å"la Grande peur†), the agrarian insurrection hastened the growing exodus of nobles from the country and inspired the National Constituent Assembly to abolish feudalism on August 4, 1789, signing what the historian Georges Lefebvre later called the â€Å"death certificate of the old order. † The French Revolution Turns Radical: Terror and Revolt In April 1792, the newly elected Legislative Assembly declared war on Austria and Prussia, where it believed that French emigres were building counterrevolutionary alliances; it also hoped to spread its revolutionary deals across Europe through warfare. On the domestic front, meanwhile, the political crisis took a radical turn when a group of insurgents led by the extremist Jacobins attacked the royal residence in Paris and arrested the king on August 10, 1792. The following month, amid a wave of violence in which Parisian insurrectionists massacred hundreds of accused counterrevolutionaries, the Leg islative Assembly was replaced by the National Convention, which proclaimed the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of the French republic. On January 21, 1793, it sent King Louis XVI, condemned to death for high treason and crimes against the state, to the guillotine; his wife  Marie-Antoinette  (1755-1793) suffered the same fate nine months later. Following the king’s execution, war with various European powers and intense divisions within the National Convention ushered the French Revolution into its most violent and turbulent phase. In June 1793, the Jacobins seized control of the National Convention from the more moderate Girondins and instituted a series of radical measures, including the establishment of a new calendar and the eradication of Christianity. They also unleashed the bloody Reign of Terror (â€Å"la Terreur†), a 10-month period in which suspected enemies of the revolution were guillotined by the thousands. Many of the killings were carried out under orders from Robespierre, who dominated the draconian Committee of Public Safety until his own execution on July 28, 1794. You read "American and French Revolutions" in category "Essay examples" His death marked the beginning of the Thermidorian Reaction, a moderate phase in which the French people revolted against the Reign of Terror’s excesses. The French Revolution Ends: Napoleon’s Rise On August 22, 1795, the National Convention, composed largely of Girondins who had survived the Reign of Terror, approved a new constitution that created France’s first bicameral legislature. Executive power would lie in the hands of a five-member Directory (â€Å"Directoire†) appointed by parliament. Royalists and Jacobins protested the new regime but were swiftly silenced by the army, now led by a young and successful general named Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821). The Directory’s four years in power were riddled with financial crises, popular discontent, inefficiency and, above all, political corruption. By the late 1790s, the directors relied almost entirely on the military to maintain their authority and had ceded much of their power to the generals in the field. On November 9, 1799, as frustration with their leadership reached a fever pitch, Bonaparte staged a coup d’etat, abolishing the Directory and appointing himself France’s â€Å"first consul. † The event marked the end of the French Revolution and the beginning of the Napoleonic era, in which France would come to dominate much of continental Europe. Similarities America ; France Revolutionary Twins? The American and French Revolutions were fought several years and an ocean apart. However, they feature enough similarities that some people initially consider them â€Å"mirror struggles. †Ã‚   After all, there are some easy comparisons:   both revolutions occurred in the later eighteenth century. Both subverted an existing, monarchical government. Finally, both created ripe conditions for constitutionalism and deep patriotism. But dig more deeply, and you’ll find that this â€Å"same revolution, different continent† concept is not as tidy as it initially appears. Further similarities between the two revolutions are just different enough to produce profound distinctions between the two revolutions. Although most scholars believe that the two revolutions influenced one another (as well as had profound worldwide impact), each revolution is a very distinct and singular struggle for freedom, identity, and an improved way of life. Indeed, scholars have built entire careers on this subject, and rich debate and information is available online or at your local library. However, here are a few fundamental elements shared by the revolutions, with intricate but important differences highlighted: Causes Both the American Revolution and the French Revolution were borne of dire economic conditions. Economic challenges definitely contributed to the basis for both revolutions. However, each nation’s money-related woes were quite unique. The American Revolution had roots in the financial pressure that Britain placed on the New World; because Britain was economically dependent on the colonies, it kept taxing them. However, the colonists didn’t oppose the taxation itself. They were more vexed by the lack of a reasonable basis for the taxation, feeling that they received little or no benefit from their unds that were being spent â€Å"back in the old country. †Ã‚   This phenomenon—commonly known as taxation without representation—infuriated the colonies, building the basis for their revolt. Classic images of hungry, poverty-stricken French peasants are still familiar. Indeed, the pre-revolution French economy was dismal and had been for decades. As a secon d-tier trading nation, France was unable to pay off national debts using the scant amount of money it received on the taxes for traded goods. To make up for this deficit, the King imposed further taxes, especially on the peasants. Paradoxically, the wealthiest nobles were not obligated to pay taxes. This allowed the King to successfully sell titles, pulling the two social classes further apart. So although the British tax-related woes were also tied to royal greed and exploitative control, they were relatively common to any new colonist establishment. France’s case, while certainly tax-related, was more deeply rooted in a historic division of social class. Although the rich and poor had long been separated, the King’s selling of titles totally isolated the two groups. This resulted in famine and extreme poverty for the lower classes, and left them no choice but to revolt. Goals Both revolutions were undertaken with the goal of independence in mind. The American Revolution was not initially or even primarily fought for independence. Independence almost became a â€Å"by-product† of the colonists’ initial attempt to remove unfair taxes levied on them by British Parliament. On the other hand, France’s decades of class division and its burgeoning interest in thinkers like Rousseau (who emphasized the importance of human rights) sparked a popular interest in a more independent way of life. The influence of speeches, articles, and pamphlets from gifted writers and orators like revolution leaders Jacques-Pierre Brissot and Maximillien Robespierre also fueled this desire for freedom. Finally, the success of the American Revolution (and the colonists’ resulting independence from British rule) arguably acted as an incentive for revolt. American-French Relationships Both revolutions spurred a strong response from the other nation. Before 1789, most people (excluding the Americans of the new United States) lived with the general form of government their ancestors had known for centuries, sually hereditary monarchy. After the French Revolution began in 1789, no form of government could be accepted as legitimate without justification. The revolutionaries established a republic in 1792, and henceforth republicans around the world would challenge monarchists. Overall, the French Revolution offered the world something totally novel: an ideology that allowed and encouraged t he questioning of historic power structures. This ideology borne of the French Revolution laid the groundwork for other ideologies, including nationalism, socialism, and eventually communism. In fact, early communist leaders Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels both commented extensively on the French Revolution, hoping to find important lessons for building and governing communities. North Americans showed special interest in the French Revolution, believing the events of 1789 drew heavily on their own experience with Britain. The French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen seemed to borrow strikingly from the states’ bill of rights. Even more direct influence took place when American Thomas Jefferson, resident in France at this time, passed along specific ideas to the legislators through the Marquis de Lafayette. Although the French Revolution took a far different path than the North American variety, this interaction was close, so it is not surprising that the initial U. S. reaction to the French Revolution was positive. Not all Americans approved of the France’s methods. For example, John Adams declared his early and ongoing disapproval, and the Federalist Party’s support began to waver toward the Revolution’s end. The Reign of Terror also did little to create American approval and drew criticism from some prominent American statesmen. However, the Jefferson-led Republican Party remained largely supportive throughout most of the revolutionary decade. Famous Documents Both revolutions produced similar and seminal political documents. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was adopted in France in August 1789 by the National Constituent Assembly. Drafted by the Marquis de Lafayette, it was intended as part of a transition from an absolute to a constitutional monarchy, and presented the ideas of popular sovereignty and equal opportunity. This document, which defined a set of universal individual and collective rights, was to be considered valid in all times, in all places, for all people. This novel way of thinking totally contradicted the traditional French idea of people being born into a nobility or into another favored class. It also eliminated the concept of people enjoying or being denied special rights based on family lineage of status, which clearly dismantled centuries of French ruling structure. The principles outlined in the Declaration sprung from the theories of philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau and other Enlightenment thinkers. However, the French Declaration is at least partly inspired by the declaration of Human Rights contained in the U. S. Declaration of Independence, adopted on July 4, 1776, and on the Virginia Declaration of Rights, developed by American George Mason in June 1776, which was itself based on the English 1689 Bill of Rights. The Declaration of the Rights of Man also showed similarities to the United States Constitution (1787) and the United States Bill of Rights, which was adopted in 1789, at approximately the same time as the Declaration of the Rights of Man. Like the U. S. Constitution, The French Declaration provided for a national defense, and emphasized equality before taxation (which was distinctly different from traditional France, in which the Catholic Church and the nobility were exempt from most taxes). Like these American documents, France’s Declaration prohibits ex post facto application of criminal law and proclaims the presumption of innocence to a crime suspect. Finally, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen provides for freedom of speech and of the press, and addresses freedom of religion. The Declaration departs from seminal American documents in some important ways. It’s vital to note that the Declaration is largely individualistic. It focuses less on the rights of a political or religious group and more on the singular citizen, thus straying from America’s â€Å"we the people† stance. The Declaration also fails to address the freedom of assembly, liberty of association, or the right to strike, which were important American tenets. Differences Self-Identification and Independence * France was a well-established nation long before the French revolution. It was not facing any acute external dangers in the late 1780s. In contrast, the American revolution was a struggle for self-identification and independence from another nation. In France, the essential motive of the revolution was a stratification transformation of the society because â€Å"the third estate† saw the clergy and the nobles as social parasites. Attitudes Toward Monarchy * The Americans were not anti-monarchists from the very start. They considered their rights as the British subjects were being violated, and their main complaints were aimed against the British Parliament. In France, the revolution was very much against the monarch and his power. Revolutionists saw the monarch as a traitor and acted aggressively toward the royal family. That led them to accuse the monarch of conspiracies against the French people, which in turn led to the execution of the royal family. Social Stratification * Social equality was not the main concern of the American revolution. Slavery was abolished in the Northern states, but it did not drastically influence the social stratification of American society. In France, the whole social structure was made up of three traditional estates: clergy, nobles and others. The revolution transformed all of them. Elimination of the traditional privileges based on the social origin was the main goal of the French revolution. Revolution and Religion * The American patriots did want to break with the Church of England, but the American revolution was not driven by a religious goal. The French revolution was, and it accomplished most of those goals. It eliminated the privileges of the clergy. Monasteries and churches were closed, the monks and nuns were encouraged to return to the private life. Many priests were killed. The Cult of Reason emerged during the revolution as part of the new France’s plan to â€Å"de-Christianize† the country. It stressed enlightenment and rationalism over the believe of a deity. Revolutionary Values and Mottos * John Locke formulated three basic values which were adopted by the American patriots: life, liberty and property. They fought for the idea that governments were obliged to preserve these values. The French revolution proclaimed three values too: liberty, equality and brotherhood, or death. The last part was adopted during the period of terror in 1793-1794. Thus, the common value shared by both revolutions was the pursuit of liberty. How to cite American and French Revolutions, Essay examples

Internal Factors Responsible for the Fall of Rome free essay sample

Internal Factors Responsible for the Fall of Rome There were several reasons for the fall of rome but internal problems such as military deficiency, political turmoil, and a weakened economy were the predominant forces leading up to the fall. Civil wars were a common occurrence in western Europe and often challenged the imperial throne. â€Å"It is worth once again emphasizing that from 217 down to the collapse of Western Empire there were only a handful of periods as long as ten years when a civil war did not break out† (Goldsworthy). Emperors constantly faced threats for the throne and often abandoned war against foreign enemy to deal with a Roman rival or Usurper. Each civil war drained the empire of money and supplies. What was gained by the winning side was lost by through the destruction of provinces and farmlands. â€Å"Successive civil wars dislocated the army’s administrative and logistical structures, its training patterns, recruitment and also it’s discipline, which suffered whenever license was given in an effort to win loyalty† (Goldsworthy). We will write a custom essay sample on Internal Factors Responsible for the Fall of Rome or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Over time the military was in such disarray soldiers gave their allegiance not to Rome but to their commanders, who fought among themselves for the throne. In efforts to defend themselves from attack the government started to recruit foreign soldiers that would work for money. Because these soldiers were working solely for the money, they showed even less loyalty to Rome. The military was falling apart and causing fear among Emperors that they might lose their power. Personal survival became the priority of every empire and largely shaped their ideas and decisions. One of the changes brought about by the want of survival was the marginalisation of the senatorial class. Major provinces were divided so that no one could command too large of an army and therefor become to powerful. The problem that came about for emperors was that now, a far wider selection of people could be eligible for control of the throne making the threat for the throne even larger. This caused emperors to have little trust in anyone. If an emperor could not trust anyone with sufficient power to deal with a distant problem, most likely the problem was not dealt with at all. â€Å"This sense of neglect by central government prompted a region to rebel and proclaim it’s own emperor† (Goldsworthy). A solution to this problem was to have two emperors. This system had very little success and caused even more separation of military and civil order. Overall, the fear of usurpers overtaking power, lead emperors to lose focus on the necessary credentials of a successful society. The government had limited ambitions and lacked concern for major issues such as health, education, and agriculture. Due to the mass amounts of civil war taken place on Roman land, farming and agriculture greatly suffered. Land was over worked and overused causing the land to become infertile. Soon food shortages and diseases caused the population to decrease. From the cumulations of lost money to war and farming the economy weakened and inflation became high. The gap between the rich and poor gradually increased and the economy weakened. Between civil wars, high taxation, and food shortages, citizens lost a sense patriotism that once flourished throughout society. Throughout all this turmoil it is a wonder how the fall did not come any earlier. The turmoil caused the empire to weaken becoming more susceptible to attacks from bordering countries. And that’s exactly what happened. Some of the foremost enemies of the Western Empire were Germanic tribes including Visigoths in Spain and the Vandals in Africa. The Huns also contributed a great deal to the fall of the empire yet did not form lasting empires on the land they conquered. With this being said, the attacks that came from these groups were only successful because of the internal problems weakening Rome’s military and central government. â€Å"Throughout their history the Romans had always fought a lot of wars against very varied opponents. They had suffered some serious defeats, but had always recovered† (Goldsworthy). This shows that the external forces were far less insignificant in the fall of rome than the internal conflicts faced by the Roman empire.